A Banach algebra A Banach algebra A that cannot be a (vector space) direct sum of its radical Rad(A) and a Banach algebra B that is homeomorphically isomorphic with A/Rad(A).

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Consider the Banach algebra l2 and the dense subalgebra l02 of l2 consisting of the sequences which vanish out of a finite set. Let A0 be the vector space direct sum l02ÅC. A0 is an algebra with (x,a)(y,b) = (xy,0), x,y Î l2, a,b Î C. Also ||(x,a)|| = max(||x||,|a-ån = 1¥ x(n)|) is a norm on A0. Let A is the completion of A0. Rad(A) = C(0,1). If (x,a) Î A0 and [x,a] denotes the image of (x,a) in A/Rad(A), then [x,a]® x defines an isometric isomorphism of A0/Rad A into l02 which can be extended to an isometric isomorphism of A/Rad A onto l2. Suppose that there exists a homeomorphic isomorphism of l2 with a subalgebra A1 of A. Let xk denotes xk(n) = dkn  (k,n Î N) and ek denotes the corresponding element of A1. Choose a sequence ((xn,an))n Î N in A0 such that limn(xn,an) = ek in A. Since ek2 = ek, we have limn(xn2,0) = ek. Thus limn xn(k) = 0 or 1 for all k Î N and also ek Î l02. The elements ek are pairwise orthogonal idempotents. If dn = åk = 1n [( ek)/ k] and tn = åk = 1n [( xk)/ k], then (tn) converges in l2. But dn doesn't converge in A, a contradiction.
Ref.
[Ric] C.E. Rickart, General theory of Banach algebras, Princeton, Van Nastrand, 1960.


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